Service HotlineEarless retaining ring (known as Constant Section Rings abroad) is also called constant section retaining ring, because the cross section is equal, and there is no ear part protruding from the traditional stamping retaining ring, so it is called earless retaining ring. Earless retaining ring and spiral retaining ring have similarities in production, processing and use characteristics. They are both flattened and wound by steel wire. After heat treatment and surface treatment, they have good elasticity and toughness. Earless retaining ring is divided into two types: shaft use and hole use, and there are various forms of tail ends to choose from. The application of earless retaining ring is the same as that of traditional C-type retaining ring, which is widely used in hydraulic parts assembly, valves, instruments, various lock core components, needle roller bearings, pulleys, connectors, quick connectors and other mechanical assemblies.
Generally known bolts refer to screws with a larger diameter. According to this statement, the diameter of screws is much smaller than that of bolts. Stud bolts do not have a head, and some are called studs. Both ends of the stud are threaded, with no thread in the middle and a smooth rod in the middle. Studs are used on large equipment such as gear racks. In actual use, the external load will have vibration and the influence of temperature will reduce the frictional force, and the threaded connection will loosen and fail over time. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in the maintenance of the stud bolts at ordinary times. Stud bolts or anchor bolts will have problems under the action of mechanical friction for a long time. When problems occur, the engine oil pan should be removed, and the use of the engine bearing bushes should be carefully checked, and the clearance between the bearing bushes should be checked. Whether it is too large, if the gap is too large, it should be replaced in time. When replacing the stud bolts, also replace the connecting rod bolts. When some large equipment such as nail making machines are in normal operation, if they find that the engine is not running very stable or there is abnormal noise, they should stop and check in time to avoid bigger problems.
Subject content and scope of application This technical requirement specifies the technical requirements for the manufacture, installation and inspection of high-strength bolted joints of mobile machinery and equipment. Contents not specified in this technical requirement shall be implemented in accordance with relevant national standards. This technical requirement applies to mobile machinery steel structures that require high-strength bolted connections. This technical requirement applies to quality control and construction methods for in-plant and on-site installations. 2. Joint surface treatment 2.1 For friction type high-strength bolt connections, the joint surfaces at the joints are required to be in close contact with each other and have a sufficient friction coefficient. When the design drawing does not specify the treatment requirements for the joint surface, the treatment shall be carried out according to the following regulations: sandblasting or shot blasting the joint surface of high-strength bolts, remove impurities such as rust and oil stains on the surface, and reach the Sa2.5 standard , the roughness is 50 ~ 75μm, and the friction coefficient shall not be lower than 0.40. When there are regulations in the drawings, follow the regulations in the drawings. 2.2 The friction surface of the treated high-strength bolt connection should take protective measures to prevent contamination with dirt and oil. It is strictly forbidden to make any marks on the friction surface of the high-strength bolt connection. During storage in the factory, or during transportation, to the installation site, special precautions should be taken to prevent contamination of the connection surfaces. The installation unit should pay special attention to protecting the cleanliness and friction surface characteristics of the connecting plate of the high-strength bolt and the connecting surface of the parent body. It is not allowed to use a grinder to grind the connecting surface of the connecting plate and the connecting surface of the parent body. 3 Inspection of the anti-slip coefficient of the friction surface of high-strength bolts The inspection of the anti-slip coefficient should be based on the steel structure manufacturing batch, and each 2000t of a single project is regarded as a manufacturing batch, and those less than 2000t are regarded as a batch. When two or more surface treatment processes are selected, each surface treatment process needs to be inspected. Each batch of three groups of specimens. If the connection is diffused to an external enterprise, each corresponding enterprise shall conduct an anti-slip coefficient test. 3.1 The test piece used for the anti-slip coefficient test should be processed by the factory or the diffusion enterprise. The test piece and the representative steel structure member should be of the same material, produced in the same batch, using the same friction surface treatment process and have the same surface state. And use the same batch of high-strength bolt connection pairs of the same performance level and store them under the same environmental conditions. The anti-slip coefficient test is carried out according to the test method of GB50205 Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structure Engineering. 3.2 The minimum value of the anti-slip coefficient inspection must be equal to or greater than the design specified value. When the above specified values are not met, the friction surface of the component should be reprocessed. The friction surface of the treated component is re-inspected. 4. Connection and installation of friction type high-strength bolts for steel structures 4.1 Preparations before installation 4.2 Select qualified bolts, nuts and washers. The guarantee period for the torque coefficient of the connecting pair is six months from the date of delivery. 4.3 Bolts, nuts and washers in the following cases are unqualified products and are prohibited from being used. a. The source (manufacturer) is unknown; b. The mechanical properties are unknown; c. The torque coefficient k is unknown; d. Defective; e. No performance test report attached; f. Mixed with other batches of bolts; g. Bolts with insufficient length, that is, the bolt head does not show the end face of the nut after tightening. Generally, the length of the end face of the nut to be taken out is 2 to 3 threads. h. The torque coefficient of the connecting pair exceeds the warranty period. Special attention should be paid to waterproofing during transportation and storage. 4.4 Before the construction of the large hexagonal head high-strength bolts, the torque coefficient of the high-strength bolt connection pair should be re-inspected according to the factory approval. Each batch of 8 sets should be re-inspected. Less than or equal to 0.010. The re-inspection method of the torque coefficient shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB50205 Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structure Engineering. The installation of high-strength bolts should be carried out within a short period of time after the test.
ANSI B1.1 Thread Pitch Comparison Table Nominal Diameter (inch〖mm〗) Coarse Thread Pitch (UNC) Fine Thread Pitch (UNF) Ultra Fine Thread Pitch (UNEF) Drilling Diameter (Coarse Thread) Drilling Diameter (Fine Thread) #0 0.060 〖1.524〗 80 1.2 # 1 0.073 〖1.5 1.5 # 2 0.086 〖2.8 # 3 0.099 〖2.515〗 48 56 2.0 2.1 # 4 0.112 〖2.4 # 5 0.125 〖 3.175〗 40 44 2.5 2.6 # 6 0.138 〖3.50〗 32 40 2.7 2.9 # 8 0.164 〖4.166〗 32 36 3.4 3.5 # 10 0.190 〖4.0 # 12 0.216 〖5.486〗 24 28 32 4.5 4.6 1/4 6.35 20 28 32 5.1 5.4 5/16 10.7 11.5 9/16 〖14.288〗 12 18 24 12.3 13.1 5/8 〖15.875〗 11 18 24 13.5 14.7 3/4 〖19.05〗 10 16 20 16.7 17.5 7/8 〖22.125 2.4 9 14 〗 8 12 20 22.2 23.4 The pitch is expressed by the number of teeth per inch, such as: 11 teeth per inch, then the pitch=25.4/11=2.309mm. The unit of pitch in the table is the number of threads per inch. The hole diameter is the recommended hole size for tapping, in millimeters.
Generally, the countersunk head is used in places where the surface is required to be smooth without protrusions, because the countersunk head can be screwed into the part. Round heads can also be screwed into parts. The tightening force of the square head can be larger, but the size is large. In addition, in order to meet the needs of locking after installation, there are holes in the head and holes in the rod. These holes can prevent the bolts from loosening when they are vibrated. Some bolts without threads should be made thin, called thin-waisted bolts. This kind of bolt is beneficial to the connection under variable force. There are special high-strength bolts on the steel structure, the head will be larger, and the size will also change. In addition, there are special uses: for T-slot bolts, which are most used on machine tool fixtures, with special shapes, and both sides of the head should be cut off. Anchor bolts, used for machine and ground connection and fixing, come in many shapes. U-bolts, as previously described. and many more. There are also special studs for welding. One end has a thread and the other end is not. It can be welded to the part, and the other side can directly screw the nut.
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